AURA PE PB - Trestle-based high-back executive chair _ Crassevig

AURA PE PB - Trestle-based high-back executive chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Aura PE/PB - Swivel Chair** This elegant swivel chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for both comfort and safety, while the pedestal base is made of durable powder-coated aluminum. With its sleek yet harmonious lines, the Aura PE/PB is designed to meet the demands of contract and office environments. The collection offers versatile configurations, including a standard chair, small armchair, lounge chair (with or without arms), and a desk chair with two back heights and optional metal or padded arms. Additionally, a stool version is available in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. Customization extends to the base and finishes—choose from four oak legs (natural or stained), a swivel trestle base in oak or aluminum (with optional castors), or a five-spoke aluminum base (with or without castors), ideal for office use. A 3D file of the product is available for download to facilitate planning and integration into your space. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, combines innovation and craftsmanship in contemporary furniture, offering premium seating solutions for residential, commercial, and hospitality settings. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). *For further details, contact the manufacturer regarding the AURA PE/PB series.*

AXEL 80P 4W - Upholstered chair with armrests _ Crassevig

AXEL 80P 4W - Upholstered chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and a mention of the 3D file availability: *"This elegant armchair features a solid wood seat and a plywood backrest, both fully upholstered for premium comfort, paired with a four-leg solid wood base. Its refreshed design blends clean, modern lines with subtle vintage charm, while the thoughtfully varied thickness of the upholstery ensures exceptional comfort and long-lasting durability. Available with either a chromed steel sled base or tapered solid wood legs, the chair also offers customizable backrest options—available in three heights and upholstered or wood finishes—designed to ergonomically support the body’s natural curves. For further details, refer to the manufacturer’s product code: AXEL 80P 4W | Chair Crassevig. A downloadable 3D file of this product is available for design and planning purposes. Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture brand since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary, high-quality designs that balance functionality and timeless aesthetics."* (Note: I condensed the supplier description to one impactful sentence while retaining key details about their heritage and design ethos.)

MIXIS 65 - Upholstered wooden stool _ Crassevig

MIXIS 65 - Upholstered wooden stool _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Stool

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, along with a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *"The Mixis stool features a sleek, backless design with a solid wood frame, paired with a plywood seat (available upholstered) and a sturdy steel footrest. Combining plywood and solid wood—materials with distinct technical and aesthetic qualities—the stool showcases seamless joints and fluid, lightweight lines, offered in oak or ash with natural or lacquered finishes. Part of the Mixis collection, it shares the same material philosophy and minimalist elegance as its chair counterpart. A 3D file of the product is available for download. For more details, refer to the manufacturer's specifications for the MIXIS 65. Crassevig, a renowned Italian design brand since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary furniture crafted with innovative techniques and premium materials."* Let me know if you'd like any further refinements!

AURA P WP - Swivel trestle-based fabric chair _ Crassevig

AURA P WP - Swivel trestle-based fabric chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Aura P/WP - Swivel Chair** This elegant swivel chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for both comfort and safety. Resting on a sturdy four-legged wooden pedestal base, the design blends clean, severe lines with harmonious proportions, making it ideal for contract and office environments. The collection offers versatile options, including chairs, small armchairs, lounge chairs (with or without arms), and desk chairs with two back heights and metal or padded armrests. Additionally, stools are available in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. A variety of bases and finishes are offered—from natural or stained oak legs to swivel trestle bases in oak or aluminum, with optional castors. For office settings, a five-spoke aluminum base (with or without castors) is also available. A 3D file of the product can be downloaded for detailed visualization. **Supplier Overview** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture, combining innovation, craftsmanship, and premium materials. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevigi.com). *Further details: AURA P WP | Chair by Crassevig*

MIMICO - Oval wooden dining table _ Crassevig

MIMICO - Oval wooden dining table _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Table

**Mimico** is a versatile table crafted with a solid wood and steel frame, offering a choice of top finishes—glass, wood, or Fenix—to suit diverse interiors, from living spaces to lounges and meeting areas. Designed by **ITCH Studio** in collaboration with Vincenzo di Salvia, Marco Corazza, Alessandro Mingolo, Giulia Castelli, and Daniele Torresin, this piece reflects Crassevig’s signature blend of innovation and craftsmanship. Available as a standard table or coffee table, Mimico’s hybrid structure balances warmth and modernity. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. **Crassevig**, a renowned Italian design house since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary furniture that merges functionality with sleek aesthetics.

AURA PC PB - Swivel fabric executive chair _ Crassevig

AURA PC PB - Swivel fabric executive chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **Product Description:** This swivel chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for both comfort and safety, while the pedestal base is made of durable powder-coated aluminum. With its sleek yet harmonious lines, the chair is designed to meet the demands of contract environments, offering versatility across various settings. It is available in multiple configurations, including as a chair, small armchair, lounge chair (with or without arms), and a desk chair with two back heights and optional metal or padded arms. Additionally, a stool version is offered in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. The range includes a wide selection of bases and finishes, such as four-legged oak (natural or stained), swivel trestle bases in oak or aluminum, and optional castors. For office use, a five-spoke aluminum base is available, with or without castors. A 3D file of the product is available for download, allowing for detailed previews and integration into design plans. For further details, refer to the manufacturer’s specifications under **AURA PC PB | Executive Chair Crassevig**. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture, blending innovation with craftsmanship—explore their collections at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

AURA P SW - Upholstered office chair with 5-Spoke base _ Crassevig

AURA P SW - Upholstered office chair with 5-Spoke base _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Aura P/SW - Swivel Chair** This sleek swivel chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for both comfort and safety. It rests on a height-adjustable swivel base with die-cast aluminum castors, combining functionality with refined design. With its clean, harmonious lines, the Aura P/SW is ideal for contract and office environments, offering versatility through multiple configurations—available as a chair, small armchair, lounge chair (with or without arms), or desk chair with two back heights and optional metal or padded arms. Additionally, a stool version is offered in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. The chair allows for extensive customization, with a variety of bases and finishes, including natural or stained oak legs, swivel trestle bases in oak or aluminum, and an office-focused five-spoke aluminum base with optional castors. A 3D file of the product is available for download, facilitating seamless integration into design plans. *Manufactured by Crassevig, a renowned Italian design brand since 1969, known for its contemporary furniture and commitment to craftsmanship.* For further details, visit [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

AXEL 86P SW - Swivel upholstered chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

AXEL 86P SW - Swivel upholstered chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s your rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **Axel 86P/SW – Swivel Armchair** This elegantly redesigned swivel armchair combines solid wood and plywood construction with fire-retardant foam upholstery, blending vintage charm with modern comfort. Its height-adjustable swivel base on castors ensures versatility, while the contoured backrest—available in three heights (upholstered or wood)—ergonomically supports the body’s natural curvature. The seat and backrest feature variable thickness for exceptional comfort and durability, and the chair comes with a choice of a chromed steel sled base or tapered solid wood legs. A downloadable 3D file is available for design planning. For more details, visit AXEL 86P SW | Chair by **Crassevig**—a renowned Italian design house celebrated for its innovative, high-quality furniture since 1969. (Kept the supplier description to one sentence while maintaining key details about their reputation and expertise.)

AURA LR 4W - Upholstered fabric easy chair _ Crassevig

AURA LR 4W - Upholstered fabric easy chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Aura LR/4W - Lounge Chair** This elegant lounge chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for comfort and safety, supported by a solid wood four-leg base. Its design blends striking yet harmonious lines, making it ideal for contract and commercial environments. The chair is available in multiple configurations, including as a standard chair, small armchair, lounge chair (with or without arms), and a desk chair with two back heights and optional metal or padded arms. Additionally, a stool version is offered in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, also with two backrest options. Customization extends to the base and finishes—choose from natural or stained oak legs, a swivel trestle base in oak or aluminum (with optional castors), or a five-spoke aluminum base (with or without castors) tailored for office use. A 3D file of the product is available for download, facilitating seamless integration into design plans. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture, combining innovation, craftsmanship, and versatility for residential, commercial, and hospitality spaces. Explore more at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). *Further details available from the manufacturer on the AURA LR/4W lounge chair.*

POLA LOW 73/4W - Polypropylene barstool with footrest _ Crassevig

POLA LOW 73/4W - Polypropylene barstool with footrest _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Stool

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **POLA LOW 73/4W** is a sleek bar stool featuring a polypropylene shell, available with an upholstered seat or fully upholstered for added comfort. It rests on a sturdy sled base, offered in chromed or lacquered powder-coated steel for a modern touch. Designed with simplicity and ergonomics in mind, Pola’s contours seamlessly follow the body’s lines, while its polyurethane construction ensures durability, flexibility, and optimal back support. Versatile in design, it comes in multiple configurations—four legs, sled base, or swivel base—as well as armchair or stool variants. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. For further details, contact **Crassevig**, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, celebrated for its contemporary, high-quality seating solutions. (Note: Adjusted the supplier description to one sentence while retaining key details.)

PERSIA P - Stackable chair with armrests _ Crassevig

PERSIA P - Stackable chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *The armchair features a lightweight yet sturdy frame crafted from curved square steel tubing, elegantly supporting either an upholstered shell (FU) or a structural, flame-resistant polyurethane Tech® (PO) version, complemented by polyurethane armrests. With its clean lines and versatile design, the piece—available in multiple colors—adds a touch of sophistication to any space. Dimensions: PERSIA P - D 56 W 56 H 81 SH 46. A 3D file of the product is available for download. Manufactured by Crassevig, a renowned Italian design brand since 1969, known for its contemporary furniture blending innovation, quality materials, and timeless aesthetics.*

MIXIS AIR R/PB1 - Trestle-based fabric chair with castors _ Crassevig

MIXIS AIR R/PB1 - Trestle-based fabric chair with castors _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

The **MIXIS AIR R/PB1** is a sleek and modern swivel chair featuring a polypropylene shell with optional upholstered or fully padded seating, paired with a sturdy aluminum pedestal base. This elegant chair combines plywood and solid wood—available in oak or ash, natural or lacquered in various colors—crafted with seamless joints for a lightweight yet durable design with fluid lines. For added comfort, the seat and backrest can also be ordered in a padded version. The **Mixis** collection also includes a matching stool, maintaining the same material and design philosophy. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design and planning purposes. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary, high-quality designs that blend functionality with aesthetic appeal. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

POLA LIGHT R 4L - Stackable polypropylene chair _ Crassevig

POLA LIGHT R 4L - Stackable polypropylene chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Pola Stacking Chair** features a sleek and ergonomic design, with a polypropylene shell available in upholstered or fully upholstered options, supported by a durable frame with four legs in chromed or powder-coated steel. Designed to naturally conform to the body's contours, the chair combines polyurethane's flexibility with robust construction for optimal comfort and support. It comes in multiple configurations, including four-leg, sled base, or swivel base options, as well as armchair and stool variations. For further customization, a downloadable 3D file of the product is available. **Supplier Info:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture, blending innovation with craftsmanship. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

OLÈ R - Wooden chair _ Crassevig

OLÈ R - Wooden chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *"The Olè side chair features a sleek seat crafted from a single sheet of 12mm-thick oak plywood, precision-calibrated and moulded into a seamless shell adorned with an artistic arrangement of drills in varying shapes and sizes, creating a captivating play of light and space. Designed by Ludovica + Roberto Palomba in 2005, this piece embodies Crassevig’s philosophy of minimalist yet dynamic craftsmanship, making it a versatile choice for both residential and commercial interiors. Winner of the ‘Best of 2007’ Interior Design Award for residential/dining seating, the Olè chair is available with a downloadable 3D file for design planning. Crassevig, the renowned Italian furniture manufacturer behind this piece, is celebrated for its innovative, high-quality contemporary designs since 1969."* (Note: I condensed the supplier details into one sentence while preserving key information—adjust as needed.)

SOSPESO R - Wooden table _ Crassevig

SOSPESO R - Wooden table _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Table

**Product Description:** The *Sospeso R* round dining table combines lightness, essentiality, and dynamism without compromising stability. Its circular beech plywood top rests on a sleek three-legged frame made of veneered elliptical steel tubes, complemented by chromed steel tie rods for added refinement. Available in a variety of colors, this design also comes in a rectangular version with four legs and rounded edges. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning and visualization. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, crafts contemporary furniture known for its innovation and premium craftsmanship.

MILLA - Multi-layer wood chair _ Crassevig

MILLA - Multi-layer wood chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s a refined and expanded version of your product description, along with a concise supplier overview and a mention of the 3D file: *"Milla is a striking multi-layer wood chair collection designed by Sami Kallio, blending modern aesthetics with organic warmth. The chairs are available for purchase through Crassevig, a renowned Italian interior design supplier celebrated for its contemporary furniture and craftsmanship since 1969. A downloadable 3D file of the Milla collection is also available for designers and architects seeking to visualize the product in their projects."* This keeps the supplier description brief while maintaining key details and adds the 3D file mention naturally. Let me know if you'd like any further adjustments!

AXEL 74P PB - Swivel upholstered trestle-based chair _ Crassevig

AXEL 74P PB - Swivel upholstered trestle-based chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s your rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **Axel 74P/PB - Swivel Armchair** This elegantly redesigned swivel armchair combines solid wood and plywood construction with full upholstery, offering a refined vintage aesthetic. The seat and backrest feature variable thickness for exceptional comfort and long-lasting durability, while the pedestal base comes in powder-coated aluminum for a sleek finish. Choose between a chromed steel sled base or four tapered solid wood legs to suit your style. The ergonomically curved backrest—available in three heights and upholstered or wood finishes—provides tailored support. A 3D file of this model is available for download, ideal for visualization and planning. *Crassevig, a renowned Italian design brand since 1969, crafts high-end contemporary furniture with a focus on innovation and premium materials.* For more details, visit [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com) or explore the AXEL 74P/PB product page. (Note: I condensed the supplier details significantly while retaining key credibility points—adjust as needed!)

ANNA RS - Upholstered stackable wooden chair _ Crassevig

ANNA RS - Upholstered stackable wooden chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: *The Anna stacking chair combines solid wood frames with elegantly double-paneled plywood backs, offering both durability and refined design. Optional upholstered panels are available for the seat or backrest, enhancing comfort without compromising its clean, timeless aesthetic. Defined by essential shapes softened with curved joints and subtle detailing where the seat meets the backrest, the Anna series—available as a side chair, stacking chair, armchair, or matching benches and stools—balances lightness with unwavering stability. Crafted in warm beech, maple, oak, or American walnut, it effortlessly complements any interior. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. For more details, explore the ANNA RS | Upholstered Chair by Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, renowned for its contemporary furniture crafted with innovation and premium materials.*

LENE 65-82 - High wooden stool _ Crassevig

LENE 65-82 - High wooden stool _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Stool

**Product Description:** The LENE stool with backrest features a sturdy solid oak frame, paired with a molded plywood seat and backrest available in varnished or upholstered finishes. Originally designed as an armchair for contract spaces, LENE combines exceptional comfort with elegant craftsmanship—a hallmark of Crassevig’s designs. The curved plywood seat and backrest seamlessly integrate with the solid beech or oak frame, ensuring both durability and ergonomic support. Inspired by circular forms, its expansive, gently embracing shape provides firm yet flexible comfort. For added convenience, a 3D file of this product is available for download. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s page on **LENE 65-82 | Stool Crassevig**. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture blending innovation, quality materials, and timeless aesthetics.

AXEL R SB - Sled base upholstered chair _ Crassevig

AXEL R SB - Sled base upholstered chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Axel R/SB - Side Chair** This elegant side chair features a solid wood seat and a plywood backrest, both upholstered for added comfort, paired with a sleek steel sled base for stability. Its refined design blends vintage charm with modern ergonomics, highlighted by the carefully contoured backrest—available in three heights and upholstered or wood finishes—to perfectly support the body’s natural curves. The seat and backrest are crafted with variable thickness for exceptional comfort and long-lasting durability. Customize your look with either a polished chrome steel sled base or tapered solid wood legs. A 3D file of this chair is available for download, allowing for seamless integration into design projects. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary designs and premium craftsmanship. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

ELBA R SW - Swivel upholstered chair with castors _ Crassevig

ELBA R SW - Swivel upholstered chair with castors _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s your rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **Product Description:** The *Elba* swivel chair by Crassevig combines sleek design with ergonomic comfort, featuring a curved plywood shell upholstered with flame-retardant, differentiated-density foam for a plush yet supportive feel. Its height-adjustable swivel base, crafted from die-cast aluminum on smooth-rolling castors, ensures versatility for any workspace or living area. Designed by Daniel Debiasi and Federico Sandri, the *Elba* collection offers customizable options—including wooden or metal legs, trestle bases, and armless or armed configurations—with a wide selection of upholstery fabrics. A downloadable 3D file is available for design planning. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture blending craftsmanship, innovation, and timeless aesthetics. For details, explore *ELBA R SW | Chair* at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). *(Note: Adjusted the supplier section to one sentence as requested, while preserving key brand credibility.)*

ESSE RS - Upholstered stackable solid wood chair _ Crassevig

ESSE RS - Upholstered stackable solid wood chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Product Description:** The Esse stacking chair features a solid wood frame with a plywood seat, available either plain or with an upholstered panel for added comfort. Its elegant, linear design with softened edges highlights the craftsmanship of skilled woodworkers, making it a timeless piece. Ideal for kitchens, living areas, and communal spaces, the Esse chair is also offered as an upholstered armchair for enhanced versatility. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design and planning purposes. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s page: **ESSE RS | Upholstered chair by Crassevig**. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, combines innovative craftsmanship with contemporary furniture solutions, offering premium-quality seating and furnishings for residential and commercial spaces.

BIANCA LIGHT XXL - Upholstered fabric easy chair _ Crassevig

BIANCA LIGHT XXL - Upholstered fabric easy chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Bianca Light XXL Lounge Chair** – A sleek and elegant seating solution featuring a solid wood frame that tapers gracefully toward the edges, paired with a plywood seat and backrest, fully upholstered for comfort. Inspired by the iconic Bianca chair but designed with a lighter, more refined silhouette, this chair offers versatility with backrest options in woven leather, wood, or upholstered finishes. The XXL version provides extra width and enhanced comfort, making it ideal for public spaces like lounges and waiting areas. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. **Supplier Info:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture crafted with premium materials and innovative craftsmanship. For more details, visit: [BIANCA LIGHT XXL | Easy chair Crassevig](manufacturer link).

ANNA R - Upholstered wooden chair _ Crassevig

ANNA R - Upholstered wooden chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s your rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *The Anna chair combines solid wood frames with elegantly curved joints and a double-paneled plywood backrest, offering a balance of timeless design and durability. Available as a side chair, stacking chair, or armchair—along with matching benches and stools—it exudes lightness without compromising strength. Customization is effortless with optional upholstered panels for the seat or backrest, while the warmth of beech, maple, oak, or American walnut ensures it complements any interior. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. For more details, explore the ANNA R | Upholstered chair by Crassevig—a renowned Italian design brand celebrated for its contemporary, high-quality furniture since 1969.*

MAKI 180 - Modular HPL bench seating _ Crassevig

MAKI 180 - Modular HPL bench seating _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Bench

**Maki 180 - Bench** This sleek and versatile bench features a high-resilience steel frame, available in chrome or powder-coated finishes, paired with a durable HPL laminate seat that comes in a variety of colors—ideal for both indoor and outdoor use. For added comfort, an upholstered seat panel is available as an option. The Maki bench system is characterized by its dynamic design, adorned with evenly spaced round holes that lend it a lightweight yet striking aesthetic. Comprising three modular elements (120 cm, 180 cm, and 45° angles), it allows for endless configurations, making it perfect for diverse settings—from compact waiting areas to expansive halls. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. **Supplier Overview** Crassevig, a renowned Italian design firm established in 1969, is celebrated for its innovative, high-quality furniture, including the Maki bench. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

ANNA 65-82 CS - Wooden stool with back _ Crassevig

ANNA 65-82 CS - Wooden stool with back _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Stool

**Product Description:** The **Anna stool with backrest** combines elegant simplicity with sturdy craftsmanship, featuring a solid wood frame, an optional upholstered seat panel, and a sleek aluminum footrest. Its refined design is characterized by soft curved joints and delicate detailing where the seat meets the double-paneled backrest, offering both visual lightness and enduring stability. Part of the versatile **Anna collection**, which includes side chairs, armchairs, stacking chairs, and benches, this stool is available in warm, timeless wood finishes like beech, maple, oak, or American walnut, effortlessly enhancing any interior. A downloadable **3D file** of the product is available for design planning. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary, high-quality furniture, blending functionality with minimalist elegance. For further details, visit the manufacturer’s page: **ANNA 65-82 CS | Stool – Crassevig**.

AURA R WP - Upholstered trestle-based fabric chair _ Crassevig

AURA R WP - Upholstered trestle-based fabric chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Aura R/WP - Swivel Chair** This elegant swivel chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for both comfort and safety. Supported by a sturdy four-legged wooden pedestal base, the design balances sharp, modern lines with harmonious proportions, making it ideal for contract and office environments. The collection offers versatile options, including chairs, small armchairs, lounge chairs (with or without arms), and desk chairs with two back heights and metal or padded armrests. Additionally, stools are available in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. Customization extends to bases and finishes—choose from natural or stained oak legs, swivel trestle bases in oak or aluminum (with optional castors), or a five-spoke aluminum base for office settings. A 3D file of the product is available for download, facilitating seamless integration into design plans. **Supplier Overview** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, combines innovative craftsmanship with contemporary aesthetics, offering premium furniture for residential, commercial, and hospitality spaces. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). *Further details: AURA R WP | Chair by Crassevig.*

BERET 73 4W - High solid wood stool _ Crassevig

BERET 73 4W - High solid wood stool _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Stool

**Beret 82/4W - Stool** This elegant stool features a sleek, minimalist design with a lightweight yet sturdy construction, making it adaptable to any interior setting. The seat is crafted from tridimensional wood (Reholz) using advanced 3D technology for a remarkably thin yet durable profile, supported by four slender solid wood legs and a steel footrest for stability. Available in ash wood with a natural or lacquered finish, or upholstered in premium leather or fabric, the Beret stool combines refined aesthetics with functional versatility. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design and planning purposes. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian design house founded in 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary furniture and seating solutions, blending innovative craftsmanship with timeless elegance. For more details, visit [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). *(Further product specifications can be found under BERET 73 4W | Stool Crassevig.)*

STEM P 4L - Aluminium chair with armrests _ Crassevig

STEM P 4L - Aluminium chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *The Stem armchair features a sleek, lightweight design with a frame and backrest crafted from aluminum tubes, supported by slender aluminum legs, and offers a choice of a plywood or upholstered seat. Its distinctive backrest is formed by 26 uniquely curved and angled aluminum rods, converging into a single horizontal element for both visual elegance and ergonomic comfort. A testament to Crassevig’s blend of traditional craftsmanship and modern innovation, the Stem collection includes models with crossed, flat, or swivel bases to suit diverse needs. For further customization, the 3D file of this design is available for download. Crassevig, a renowned Italian design house since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary, high-quality furniture solutions.* (Note: I condensed the supplier details into a single sentence while retaining key information about their expertise and legacy.)

AURA R 4W - Upholstered fabric chair _ Crassevig

AURA R 4W - Upholstered fabric chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: *"This side chair features a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam, and rests on a solid wood four-leg base. Its design blends striking yet harmonious lines, making it ideal for contract and office environments. The collection offers versatile options, including a chair, small armchair, lounge chair (with or without arms), and a desk chair with two back heights and metal or padded armrests. Additionally, a stool is available in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. Customization is extensive, with bases and finishes ranging from natural or stained oak legs to swivel trestle bases in oak or aluminum, with optional castors. For office use, a five-spoke aluminum base is offered, with or without castors. A 3D file of the product is available for download. For more details, refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for the AURA R 4W | Chair by Crassevig—an Italian design leader since 1969, renowned for its contemporary, high-quality furniture solutions."*

TUSCA R/PB1 - Swivel trestle-based fabric chair _ Crassevig

TUSCA R/PB1 - Swivel trestle-based fabric chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **Tusca R/PB1** is a stylish and versatile chair featuring a fully upholstered shell crafted from high-density polyurethane foam for lasting comfort. Its sleek, enveloping design blends innovative shapes with material softness, making it ideal for dining, meeting, or waiting areas. The chair is paired with a swivel trestle base, available in painted or polished aluminum, though other options like wood, metal, or wheeled bases can be selected. Upholstery choices include premium fabrics or eco-leather, catering to diverse aesthetic and functional needs. Designed by Samuel Wilkinson for Crassevig, Tusca adds a dynamic touch to modern interiors. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture brand since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary designs and exceptional craftsmanship. Explore their collections at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). *Further details on TUSCA R/PB1 can be obtained directly from the manufacturer.*

ESSE R - Upholstered beech restaurant chair _ Crassevig

ESSE R - Upholstered beech restaurant chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Product Description:** The Esse side chair features a solid wood frame with a plywood seat option or an upholstered panel, combining durability with understated elegance. Its clean, linear design with softened edges highlights the craftsmanship of skilled woodworkers, making it both visually appealing and comfortable. Available as a stacking chair or an armchair with an upholstered seat, the Esse chair is ideal for kitchens, living rooms, and communal spaces. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design and planning purposes. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture, blending innovation with expert craftsmanship.

TUSCA P/PB1 - Swivel trestle-based chair with armrests _ Crassevig

TUSCA P/PB1 - Swivel trestle-based chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *The Tusca P/PB1 is a sleek and inviting armchair featuring a swivel trestle base in painted or polished aluminum, paired with a fully upholstered shell crafted from polyurethane foam for optimal comfort. Designed by Samuel Wilkinson, this versatile piece blends striking shapes with plush materiality, making it an ideal choice for dining areas, waiting rooms, or meeting spaces. The chair’s base comes in wood, metal, or wheeled options, while the soft, enveloping shell—upholstered in fabric or eco-leather—ensures both style and support. A 3D file of the product is available for download, allowing for seamless integration into design plans. Tusca is part of the Crassevig collections, a testament to the brand’s commitment to innovative, contemporary furniture. Crassevig, a renowned Italian design house since 1969, is celebrated for its high-quality craftsmanship and modern aesthetic. For further details, visit www.crassevig.com.*

POLA ROUND P/4W OU - Upholstered fabric chair with armrests _ Crassevig

POLA ROUND P/4W OU - Upholstered fabric chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **"The POLA ROUND P/4W OU is a sleek, ergonomic chair featuring a polypropylene shell with optional upholstered or fully upholstered seating, paired with solid oak legs. Designed for both comfort and simplicity, its body-hugging shape, crafted from flexible polyurethane, provides exceptional lumbar support. Available in multiple configurations—including four-leg, sled, or swivel bases, as well as armchair or stool variants—it adapts to diverse needs. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for detailed visualization. Manufactured by Crassevig, a renowned Italian design brand since 1969, known for its contemporary, high-quality furniture solutions."** (Note: The supplier description has been condensed to one sentence while retaining key details about their expertise and legacy.)

ELBA R WP - Swivel upholstered fabric chair _ Crassevig

ELBA R WP - Swivel upholstered fabric chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **Elba R/WP – Swivel Chair** Designed by Daniel Debiasi and Federico Sandri, the Elba swivel chair combines elegance and functionality with its curved plywood shell, padded with flame-retardant, differentiated-density foam for exceptional comfort. The seat and back are upholstered in premium fabric, while the pedestal base features four sturdy wooden legs, ensuring both style and stability. Part of the broader Elba seating family, this versatile chair is also available with metal legs, trestle bases, or swivel aluminum bases (with or without castors), in both armless and armchair configurations. Customizable with a range of upholstery options, Elba seamlessly adapts to residential, commercial, or hospitality spaces. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture crafted with precision and innovative detailing. For more details, visit [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

LASA P - Upholstered beech chair with armrests _ Crassevig

LASA P - Upholstered beech chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Product Description:** This elegant chair features a solid beech wood frame and an upholstered seat, combining durability with comfort. Available in two versions—side chair (LASA R) and armchair (LASA P)—with dimensions LASA R: P 52, L 50, H 80, HS 46; LASA P: P 57, L 55, H 80, HS 46. Its soft lines and generously proportioned seat ensure a relaxed seating experience, while the vintage-inspired design makes it a perfect fit for classically styled interiors. The armchair’s gracefully curved solid wood armrest highlights exceptional craftsmanship, reflecting Crassevig’s mastery in woodworking. A 3D file of this product is available for download, allowing for seamless integration into design plans. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is celebrated for its premium contemporary furniture, blending innovation with timeless craftsmanship.

AXEL 80P SB - Sled base upholstered chair with armrests _ Crassevig

AXEL 80P SB - Sled base upholstered chair with armrests _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Axel 80P/SB - Armchair** This elegantly designed armchair features a solid wood seat and a plywood backrest, both upholstered for comfort, while its sleek steel sled base ensures stability and a modern touch. The updated design blends vintage charm with contemporary lines, enhanced by the carefully varied thickness of the upholstery for superior comfort and long-lasting durability. Available with either a chromed steel sled base or tapered solid wood legs, the chair also offers a choice of backrest heights—upholstered or in wood—ergonomically shaped to follow the body’s natural curves. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s page: [AXEL 80P SB | Chair Crassevig](https://www.crassevig.com). **Supplier Overview** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, crafts high-end contemporary furniture with a focus on innovation and timeless aesthetics.

POLA LIGHT R WP - Swivel polypropylene chair _ Crassevig

POLA LIGHT R WP - Swivel polypropylene chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Pola Light R/WP – Swivel Chair** The Pola Light R/WP is a sleek and ergonomic swivel chair designed to seamlessly support the body’s natural contours. Its shell is crafted from durable polypropylene, available with an upholstered seat or fully upholstered for added comfort. The chair features a swivel wooden pedestal base with solid oak legs, combining elegance with stability. Designed for both functionality and style, Pola is constructed from flexible polyurethane, ensuring optimal ergonomic support and long-lasting resilience. It comes in multiple configurations, including four-leg, sled base, or swivel base options, as well as armchair and stool variations. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design and planning purposes. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s page: [POLA LIGHT R WP | Chair Crassevig](https://www.crassevig.com). **Supplier Overview** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary designs and premium craftsmanship, offering versatile seating and furniture solutions for residential and commercial spaces.

POLA ROUND P SW - Swivel polypropylene chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

POLA ROUND P SW - Swivel polypropylene chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and a mention of the 3D file availability: **Pola Round P/SW - Swivel Armchair** Featuring a sleek, minimalist design, the Pola Round P/SW swivel armchair is crafted to ergonomically support the body’s natural contours. The shell is made of durable polypropylene, available with an upholstered seat or fully upholstered for added comfort. It rests on a height-adjustable swivel base with your choice of polished die-cast aluminum or black reinforced nylon castors, ensuring both functionality and style. Designed for versatility, the Pola collection also includes options with four legs, a sled base, or stool variations, all constructed from robust yet flexible polyurethane for optimal comfort and longevity. A 3D file of the product is available for download, allowing for seamless integration into design plans. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s product page: [POLA ROUND P/SW | Chair Crassevig](https://www.crassevig.com). **Supplier Overview** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, combines innovative design with high-quality craftsmanship, offering contemporary seating and furniture solutions for residential and commercial spaces. Let me know if you'd like any further refinements!

MIXIS RS - Stackable wooden chair _ Crassevig

MIXIS RS - Stackable wooden chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **Mixis Stacking Chair** Crafted with solid wood frames and elegantly double-paneled plywood backs, the Mixis chair combines materials of distinct technical and aesthetic qualities—oak or ash, available in natural or lacquered finishes—to create a design with fluid, lightweight lines. For added comfort, the seat features an optional upholstered panel, while the back can also be supplied in a padded version. Sharing the same material and design philosophy, the Mixis family includes a matching stool. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. For further details, contact the manufacturer, **Crassevig**—a renowned Italian design brand celebrated for its contemporary furniture since 1969. (Note: I condensed the supplier description to one sentence while retaining key details about their reputation and heritage.)

POLA LIGHT R SW - Swivel chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

POLA LIGHT R SW - Swivel chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **Pola Swivel Chair** – A sleek and ergonomic seating solution featuring a polypropylene shell with optional upholstered or fully upholstered finishes. Designed for comfort, its flexible polyurethane construction adapts to the body’s contours, offering robust support and dynamic movement. Customize with a height-adjustable swivel base in polished die-cast aluminum or black reinforced nylon, or choose alternative versions like four legs, sled base, armchair, or stool. A 3D file of the product is available for download, ideal for visualization and planning. *Crassevig*, the Italian designer behind Pola, is a renowned name in contemporary furniture since 1969, celebrated for blending innovation with craftsmanship. Explore more at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). Further details: **POLA LIGHT R SW | Chair Crassevig**.

MIXIS T - Wooden table _ Crassevig

MIXIS T - Wooden table _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Table

**Product Description:** The *Mixis Table* features a solid wood frame paired with a plywood veneered top, blending durability with elegant design. Like the *Mixis Chair*, it combines plywood and solid wood—materials with distinct technical and aesthetic qualities—seamlessly joined to create fluid, lightweight lines, available in oak or ash with natural or lacquered finishes in various colors. For added comfort, the seat and back can be upholstered upon request. The *Mixis* collection also includes a matching stool, sharing the same material philosophy and sleek design. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for detailed visualization. **Supplier Description:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, crafts contemporary furniture renowned for its innovation, quality materials, and timeless aesthetics. For more details, visit [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

AURA LP SB - Sled base fabric easy chair _ Crassevig

AURA LP SB - Sled base fabric easy chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Lounge Armchair** – A sleek and versatile seating solution featuring a seat and back crafted from plywood, upholstered with flame-retardant foam for both comfort and safety. The chair rests on a solid wood four-leg base, combining durability with a minimalist aesthetic. Its clean, harmonious lines make it ideal for contract and commercial spaces, though it adapts seamlessly to residential settings. Available in multiple configurations—including a chair, small armchair, lounge chair (with or without arms), and desk chair (with two back heights and optional metal or padded arms). Additionally, a stool variant is offered in 65 cm or 82 cm heights, with two backrest options. Customization extends to bases and finishes: choose from natural or stained oak legs, swivel trestle bases in oak or aluminum (with optional castors), or a five-spoke aluminum base (with/without castors) tailored for office use. For further details, consult the manufacturer’s specifications for the **AURA LP SB | Easy Chair** by Crassevig. A 3D file of this product is available for download, facilitating seamless integration into design projects. **Supplier Overview**: Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture, blending innovation with craftsmanship. Explore their collections at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

FRISIA RS - Stackable ash chair _ Crassevig

FRISIA RS - Stackable ash chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

**Frisia** is a sleek, stackable chair featuring a solid ash wood frame and plywood seat and back, with optional padded panels for added comfort. Designed for both durability and elegance, its minimalist, archetypal form blends seamlessly into contract and domestic spaces, offering ergonomic support, effortless stackability (up to 4 chairs), and timeless aesthetics. Crafted with sustainability in mind, it is 100% FSC certified and optimized for minimal waste, while its mechanical fastening ensures easy assembly. A 3D file of the product is available for download, allowing for seamless integration into design planning. **Crassevig**, the Italian manufacturer behind Frisia, is a renowned name in contemporary furniture, celebrated since 1969 for its innovative, high-quality designs. Further details can be found on the manufacturer’s website: [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com).

AXEL 80B 4W - Fabric small sofa _ Crassevig

AXEL 80B 4W - Fabric small sofa _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Sofa

Here’s a refined and expanded product description, along with a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **Product Description:** This elegant bench features a solid wood seat paired with a plywood backrest, both fully upholstered for premium comfort. Resting on a sturdy four-leg base crafted from solid wood, the design blends timeless charm with modern functionality. Its updated silhouette boasts refined lines and proportions, lending a subtle vintage appeal. The seat and backrest are thoughtfully designed with variable thickness to enhance durability and provide exceptional comfort. Available with either a chromed steel sled base or tapered wood legs, the bench offers versatile styling options. The backrest comes in three heights—upholstered or in wood—and is ergonomically shaped to follow the body’s natural curves for optimal support. For additional details, refer to the manufacturer’s product code: **AXEL 80B 4W | Small Sofa Crassevig**. A 3D file of this product is also available for download, enabling seamless integration into design plans. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian interior design brand since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary furniture and commitment to craftsmanship, blending innovation with timeless aesthetics. Let me know if you'd like any further adjustments!

INOKO 240 - Oval wooden table _ Crassevig

INOKO 240 - Oval wooden table _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Table

The **Inoko 240** is an elegant oval table featuring a curved plywood base and a wooden top, designed to blend adaptability with timeless style. Part of the original **Crassevig** collection, this table is crafted with a sturdy wooden core and a supportive frame, offering customizable finishes in **Fenix laminate, plywood, or marble-effect ceramic** for a modern touch. Its circular lines and versatile design make it a perfect fit for both residential and commercial spaces. A **3D file of the product is available for download**, allowing for seamless integration into design plans. **Crassevig**, a renowned Italian design brand since 1969, is celebrated for its innovative, high-quality furniture. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s page on **INOKO 240 by Crassevig**.

ELBA P SW - Swivel upholstered chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

ELBA P SW - Swivel upholstered chair with 5-spoke base _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: **Product Description:** The *Elba P/SW* is a sleek, height-adjustable swivel chair with a die-cast aluminum base on smooth-rolling castors, offering both mobility and ergonomic flexibility. Part of Crassevig’s *Elba* seating collection, it features a sculpted curved plywood shell cushioned with differentiated-density foam for exceptional comfort. Designed by Daniel Debiasi and Federico Sandri, the chair exemplifies Crassevig’s dedication to meticulous craftsmanship and refined detailing. Available in armless or armchair configurations, it can be paired with wooden or metal legs, trestles, or swivel bases and customized with a range of premium fabrics. A downloadable 3D file of the product is available for design planning. For full specifications, visit: *ELBA P SW | Chair Crassevig*. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, an Italian design leader since 1969, is renowned for its contemporary furniture blending innovation, quality materials, and timeless aesthetics.

ELBA P WP - Swivel trestle-based chair _ Crassevig

ELBA P WP - Swivel trestle-based chair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Chair

Here’s your rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **Product Description:** The *Elba* swivel armchair by Crassevig combines sleek design with exceptional comfort, featuring a curved plywood shell upholstered with flame-retardant, differentiated-density foam for a soft yet supportive seat. Designed by Daniel Debiasi and Federico Sandri, this versatile piece rests on a sturdy pedestal base with four wooden legs (other leg options include metal, trestle, or swivel bases with castors). Part of the broader *Elba* seating family, it is available in armless or armchair configurations and can be customized with a range of premium fabrics. A 3D file of the product is available for download, facilitating seamless integration into your design plans. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, is celebrated for its contemporary designs and meticulous craftsmanship. For further details, explore *ELBA P WP | Swivel chair* on [Crassevig’s website](www.crassevig.com).

ANNA 65-82 SS - Wooden stool _ Crassevig

ANNA 65-82 SS - Wooden stool _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Stool

Here’s the rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file: *The Anna 65-82/SS stool combines minimalist elegance with sturdy construction, featuring a solid wood frame, a plywood seat (with an optional upholstered panel), and an aluminum footrest. Its essential forms are softened by curved joints and refined details, balancing lightness with durability. Part of the versatile Anna collection—which includes chairs, armchairs, and benches—this stool is crafted in warm beech, maple, oak, or American walnut, adapting seamlessly to any interior. A 3D file of the product is available for download. Crassevig, the Italian designer behind this piece, has been a leader in contemporary furniture since 1969, renowned for blending innovation with timeless craftsmanship. For more details, visit the manufacturer’s page: ANNA 65-82 SS | Stool Crassevig.*

POLA LOUNGE LP/4W - Fabric armchair _ Crassevig

POLA LOUNGE LP/4W - Fabric armchair _ Crassevig

Crassevig > Armchair

Here’s your rephrased and expanded product description, including a concise supplier overview and mention of the 3D file availability: **POLA LOUNGE LP/4W** is a sleek and ergonomic armchair featuring an injected flame-retardant foam shell, fully upholstered for comfort, and supported by four sturdy solid oak legs. Designed with simplicity in mind, the Pola series prioritizes body-contouring support, crafted from durable yet flexible polyurethane to ensure optimal ergonomics and resilience. Available in multiple configurations—including four-leg, sled-base, or swivel-base options, as well as armchair or stool variations—this versatile piece adapts to diverse settings. A 3D file of the product is available for download, facilitating seamless integration into design plans. **Supplier Overview:** Crassevig, a renowned Italian furniture manufacturer since 1969, combines innovative design with premium craftsmanship, offering contemporary seating and furniture solutions for residential and commercial spaces. Explore their collection at [www.crassevig.com](http://www.crassevig.com). Let me know if you'd like any further refinements!