Elements Earth Candle Large

Mirror Ball Cone Slim Floor Gold LED

tomdixon > Floor lamp

Mirror Ball is a an ultra-visible, highly reflective object made of a lightweight transparent plastic sphere, coated with a thin layer of aluminium. Inspired by space travel, Mirror Ball is created through hi-tech processes of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve perfect spheres with an unusual luminosity. Here the orb sits on a cone-shaped base creating a striking silhouette. More Information Sometimes your biggest failure could be your biggest success. The aim for Mirror Ball was to produce a completely spherical, highly mirrored object that would disappear into its surroundings. Instead it does the opposite and is an ultra-visible, highly reflective object referencing space helmets and disco balls.

Melt Cone Slim Floor Smoke LED

tomdixon > Floor lamp

Melt is evocative of molten glass, the interior of a melting glacier or images of deep space. An imperfect, organic and naturalistic light that produces a mesmerizing hot-blown glass effect. Melt is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. The Melt family includes pendants, chandeliers, pendant systems, portables, surface lights, table lights and floor lights.   More Information Melt Cone Slim Floor features the iconic Melt shade, created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve the look of a melted orb with abundant and unusual luminosity. Here the orb elegantly rests on a slim conical base.

Melt Cone Slim Floor Silver LED

tomdixon > Floor lamp

Melt is evocative of molten glass, the interior of a melting glacier or images of deep space. An imperfect, organic and naturalistic light that produces a mesmerizing hot-blown glass effect. Melt is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. The Melt family includes pendants, chandeliers, pendant systems, portables, surface lights, table lights and floor lights.  More Information Melt Cone Slim Floor features the iconic Melt shade, created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve the look of a melted orb with abundant and unusual luminosity. Here the orb elegantly rests on a slim conical base.

Melt Cone Slim Floor Gold LED

tomdixon > Floor lamp

Melt is evocative of molten glass, the interior of a melting glacier or images of deep space. An imperfect, organic and naturalistic light that produces a mesmerizing hot-blown glass effect. Melt is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. The Melt family includes pendants, chandeliers, pendant systems, portables, surface lights, table lights and floor lights.  More Information Melt Cone Slim Floor features the iconic Melt shade, created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve the look of a melted orb with abundant and unusual luminosity. Here the orb elegantly rests on a slim conical base.

Melt Cone Fat Floor Silver LED

tomdixon > Floor lamp

Melt Fat Floor is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. More Information Melt is evocative of molten glass, the interior of a melting glacier or images of deep space. An imperfect, organic and naturalistic light that produces a mesmerizing hot-blown glass effect. Melt is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. Here the orb sits on a tube-shaped base.

Melt Cone Fat Floor Copper LED

tomdixon > Floor lamp

Melt Fat Floor is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. More Information Melt is evocative of molten glass, the interior of a melting glacier or images of deep space. An imperfect, organic and naturalistic light that produces a mesmerizing hot-blown glass effect. Melt is created through a process of blow moulding and vacuum metallisation to achieve melted orbs with abundant and unusual luminosity. Here the orb sits on a tube-shaped base.

Fat 3 Seater Sofa KV HA 0180

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Fat 2 Seater Sofa KV HA 0116

tomdixon > Sofa

The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information. More Information Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this sofa is upholstered using Bute's dark brown woolen fabric. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen.

Fat 3 Seater Sofa KV HA 0190

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Fat 3 Seater Sofa KV HA 0130

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Fat 3 St Sofa KV HA 0116 BL

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Fat 2 Seater Sofa KV HA 0190

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Fat 2 Seater Sofa KV HA 0180

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Fat 2 Seater Sofa KV HA 0130

tomdixon > Sofa

Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered in Wool. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. More Information The collection is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics. It includes a dining chair, lounge chair, bar stools, sofas and a chaise longue. Please contact us for more information.

Slab Round Table 0.9m

tomdixon > Coffee table

Celebrating the natural beauty of oak, Slab is constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gentle radius edge. Slab is made from solid oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose its natural grain. Slab tables come in different shapes and sizes.  More Information Slabs is a robust collection which celebrates the natural beauty of oak. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gently radius edge. Slab is made from solid slabs of oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose the grain, available in a natural or a black laquer.

Slab Round Table 1.2m

tomdixon > Coffee table

Slab is a robust collection which celebrates the natural beauty of oak. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gently radius edge. Slab is made from solid slabs of oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose the grain, available in a natural or a black laquer. More Information Celebrating the natural beauty of oak, Slab is constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gentle radius edge. Slab is made from solid oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose its natural grain. Slab tables come in different shapes and sizes. 

Slab Round Table Black 0.9m

tomdixon > Coffee table

Celebrating the natural beauty of oak, Slab is constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gentle radius edge. Slab is made from solid oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose its natural grain. Slab tables come in different shapes and sizes.  More Information Slabs is a robust collection which celebrates the natural beauty of oak. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gently radius edge. Slab is made from solid slabs of oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose the grain, available in a natural or a black laquer.

Slab Round Table Black 1.2m

tomdixon > Coffee table

Slab is a robust collection which celebrates the natural beauty of oak. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gently radius edge. Slab is made from solid slabs of oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose the grain, available in a natural or a black laquer. More Information Celebrating the natural beauty of oak, Slab is constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Each piece has generous proportions, solid materiality and is softened with a gentle radius edge. Slab is made from solid oak, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The surface of the wood is deeply brushed to expose its natural grain. Slab tables come in different shapes and sizes. 

Set of Four Fat Dining Chair and Screw Cafe Table Pebble Marble Table

tomdixon > Coffee table

This is a set of four Fat Dining Chair Hallingdal 65 190 and one Screw Cafe Table Pebble Marble Table 900m  More Information Fat Dining Chair Hallingdal 65 190 - Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered using Kvadrat's black woolen fabric. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. Screw Cafe Table Pebble Marble Table 900m  - Screw Cafe Table is a simple, honest design, inspired by materials and processes of the industrial revolution. Its rotating top on a threaded steel pole allows for adjustable height, while being sturdy, durable, elegant and ideally suited for use both inside and outside. The 900mm round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.

Tube Dining Table Black White Marble Top 600mm

tomdixon > Table

A simple, sleek table for all occasions, Tube is a versatile and elegant table base in a black finish, here with a white marble top. More Information Tube tables are available in a Black, Chrome or Brass base and Black Oak, Fumed Oak, Natural Oak, Natural Birch, White Marble and Primavera Marble table tops.

Set of Four Fat Dining Chair and Tube Dining Table Black Pebble Marble

tomdixon > Coffee table

This is a set of four Fat Dining Chair Hallingdal 65 190 and one Tube Dining Table Black Pebble Marble Top 900mm More Information Fat Dining Chair Hallingdal 65 190 - Designed to hug the body and allowing for multiple sitting positions, this dining chair is upholstered using Kvadrat's black woolen fabric. Fat is made from moulded foam with a metal leg launching in high gloss black lacquer and made to order upholstery. Manufactured in Europe, hand finished and upholstered by experienced craftsmen. Tube Dining Table Black Pebble Marble Top 900mm - A versatile and elegant dining table made from brass plated tubing in a black finish. Features a 900mm round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.

Tube Dining Table Black Base Pebble Marble

tomdixon > Table

A versatile and elegant dining table made from brass plated tubing in a black finish. Featuring a round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.

Screw Cafe Table Pebble Marble Top 900mm

tomdixon > Coffee table

Screw Cafe Table is a simple, honest design, inspired by materials and processes of the industrial revolution. Its rotating top on a threaded steel pole allows for adjustable height, while being sturdy, durable, elegant and ideally suited for use both inside and outside. The 900mm round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.

Screw Cafe Table Pebble Marble Top 600mm

tomdixon > Coffee table

Screw Cafe Table is a simple, honest design, inspired by materials and processes of the industrial revolution. Its rotating top on a threaded steel pole allows for adjustable height, while being sturdy, durable, elegant and ideally suited for use both inside and outside. The 600mm round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.

Tube Dining Table Brass Pebble Marble Top 900mm

tomdixon > Table

A versatile and elegant dining table made from brass plated tubing. Features a 900mm round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.

Slab Table Natural

tomdixon > Table

This wooden Slab Table is part of a series of robust pieces constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Made in Lithuania using solid wood Oak, this modern table is celebrating the natural beauty of Oak. The surface is deeply brushed to expose the grain and finished with a natural lacquer. More Information Also available in a Black finish. The collection includes an Individual Desk, Dining Table, Dining Chair and Bar Stool.

Slab Table Black

tomdixon > Table

This modern black Slab Table is part of a series of robust pieces constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Made in Lithuania using solid wood Oak, this table is celebrating the natural beauty of Oak. The surface is deeply brushed to expose the grain and finished with a black lacquer. More Information Also available in a Natural finish. The collection includes an Individual Desk, Dining Table, Dining Chair and Bar Stool.

Slab Table Natural 2.4m

tomdixon > Table

This wooden Slab Table is part of a series of robust pieces constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Made in Lithuania using solid wood, this modern table is celebrating the natural beauty of Oak. More Information Also available in a Black finish. The collection includes an Individual Desk, Dining Table, Dining Chair and Bar Stool.

Slab Table Black 2.4m

tomdixon > Table

This wooden Slab Table is part of a series of robust pieces constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Made in Lithuania using solid wood, this modern table is celebrating the natural beauty of Oak. More Information Also available in a Natural finish. The collection includes an Individual Desk, Dining Table, Dining Chair and Bar Stool.

Cork Round Table 1000mm

tomdixon > Table

A tactile material which has been used for millennia in nautical, construction, apparel and food applications, Cork is the ultimate traditional material fit for the future. By repurposing this wonder material for our range of extremely fat edged and chubby silhouette furniture, we have taken full advantage of the elasticity, the sound absorption and water proof nature of cork, which combined with its natural beauty makes a unique set of seriously sculptural furniture with expressive minimalist attributes and superior functionality.

Cork Round Table 1200MM

tomdixon > Table

A tactile material which has been used for millennia in nautical, construction, apparel and food applications, Cork is the ultimate traditional material fit for the future. By repurposing this wonder material for our range of extremely fat edged and chubby silhouette furniture, we have taken full advantage of the elasticity, the sound absorption and water proof nature of cork, which combined with its natural beauty makes a unique set of seriously sculptural furniture with expressive minimalist attributes and superior functionality.

Cork Table 3M

tomdixon > Table

A tactile material which has been used for millennia in nautical, construction, apparel and food applications, Cork is the ultimate traditional material fit for the future. By repurposing this wonder material for our range of extremely fat edged and chubby silhouette furniture, we have taken full advantage of the elasticity, the sound absorption and water proof nature of cork, which combined with its natural beauty makes a unique set of seriously sculptural furniture with expressive minimalist attributes and superior functionality.

Tube High Table Black Base Pebble Marble

tomdixon > Table

Tube High is a versatile and elegant bar table made from brass plated tubing. The sleek table features a round stone top made of colourful marble mined from the Shandong and Fujian provinces of China. The pattern of the natural marble is due to the crustal movement changes in the process of lava extrusion, developed over millions of years.   More Information Hidden between the deep gorges and snow-capped peaks of China's southwestern province, our oriental marble is quarried in Yunnan's majestic landscapes. Named Primavera but often described as a black, green and white metamorphic conglomerate, the marble is unusual due to its extreme random figuring and bold pattern. The alternating bright green, which is ground with white inlays and thin black veining ensures that each table top is completely unique. Tube tables are available in a Black, Chrome or Brass base and Black Oak, Fumed Oak, Natural Oak, Natural Birch, White Marble and Primavera Marble table tops.

Screw Side Table White Marble Top 600mm

tomdixon > Side table

Screw Table is a simple, honest design, inspired by materials and processes of the industrial revolution. Its rotating top on a threaded steel pole allows for adjustable height, while being sturdy, durable and elegant.  More Information Clean with a soft damp cloth and no abrasive agents. Assemble on a soft cloth to avoid scratching the frame.

Bone Bowl Small Brass

tomdixon > Styling

A series of sculptural artefacts cast in solid brass with a matt finish bearing a bone-like quality. Bone Bowls can be displayed on their own as sculptures or used with dry food and decorations such as pomegranates and flower heads. Handmade in India.  More Information Your item will develop a natural patina as it oxidises, we believe that this enhances the beauty of the product as it is the nature of the material. Always rinse before use. Wash in warm soapy water and dry with a soft cloth. Not dish-washer safe. Do not use abrasive agents as this will damage the surface. Do not leave submerged in water.

Cloud Bowl

tomdixon > Styling

Cloud is a large sculptural bowl made of highly reflective polished aluminium. Handmade in India by skilled artisans, each bowl has unique qualities with every hammer and indentation from stretching and warping the metal being preserved, reflecting the amount of work that’s gone into the design. The silver bowl has a shape reminiscent of seedpods and can be used for a variation of purposes, such as a fruit bowl. More Information Whilst pitting and welds will be controlled with set tolerances, they will never be completely invisible. These are the unique marks of the skilled hand makers and are a celebration of the craft. The bowl is water tight and can be used for floral arrangements, and is also dry-food safe.

Cloud Vessel Short

tomdixon > Styling

Cloud is a sculptural short vessel made of highly reflective polished aluminium. Handmade in India by skilled artisans, each vessel has unique qualities with every hammer and indentation from stretching and warping the metal being preserved, reflecting the amount of work that has gone into the design. The silver vessel's shape is reminiscent of seedpods and can be used for a variation of purposes, such as a champagne bucket or as a vase. More Information Whilst pitting and welds will be controlled with set tolerances, they will never be completely invisible. These are the unique marks of the skilled hand makers and are a celebration of the craft. The vessel is water tight and can be used for floral arrangements, and is also dry-food safe.

Cloud Vessel Tall

tomdixon > Styling

Cloud is a sculptural tall vessel made of highly reflective polished aluminium. Handmade in India by skilled artisans, each vessel has unique qualities with every hammer and indentation from stretching and warping the metal being preserved, reflecting the amount of work that’s gone into the design. This watertight silver vessel can be used as a vase and has a shape reminiscent of seedpods. More Information Whilst pitting and welds will be controlled with set tolerances, they will never be completely invisible. These are the unique marks of the skilled hand makers and are a celebration of the craft. The vessel is water tight and can be used for floral arrangements, and is also dry-food safe.

Elements Air Medium Candle and Diffuser Set

tomdixon > Styling

Set includes an Air Earth Medium Candle and an Air Earth Diffuser.  More Information Elements Air Medium Candle - Air is light and crisp defined by floral notes of pink pepper, white tea, Neroli oil, orange flower and white musk. A celebration of the bare essentials. A scent of extreme simplicity and individual character that reflects its elemental name. Elements Air Diffuser - Air is light and crisp defined by floral notes of pink pepper, white tea, Neroli oil

Elements Candle Giftset

tomdixon > Styling

The Elements gift set includes Water, Earth, Fire and Air. Scents of extreme simplicity and individual character that reflect their elemental name: A celebration of the bare essentials.Water combines a cool and sharp maritime saltiness through the blending of watermelon, cedar wood and amber musk.Earth is a mysterious concoction of mint, guaiac wood and cedar wood creating a rich and mossy freshness.Fire is a complex assemblage of Cypriol oil, musk and amber to construct the scent of smoky scorched timber and hot dry tarmac.Air is light and crisp defined by floral notes of pink pepper, white tea, Neroli oil, orange flower and white musk. More Information Burn time: 25 hours per candle. Designed in London. Made in the UK.

Elements Earth Candle Large

tomdixon > Styling

Earth is a mysterious concoction of mint, guaiac wood and cedar wood creating a rich and mossy freshness. A celebration of the bare essentials. A scent of extreme simplicity and individual character that reflect its elemental name. More Information Scent Notes Top: Green Leaves and Mint. Heart: Galbanum Resinoide and Humus Accord. Base: Guaiac Wood and Cedarwood. Burn time: 60-70 hours. Designed in London. Made in the UK.

Slab Individual Desk Small Natural Oak

tomdixon > Desk

Slab Desk is part of a series of robust pieces constructed in angular forms of inviting simplicity. Made in Lithuania using solid wood Oak construction, this individual desk is celebrating the natural beauty of Oak. The surface is deeply brushed to expose the natural grain. Inspired by the archetypical Victorian school desk, this contemporary work station is equally comfortable as a hotel room desk or a dressing table. More Information With softly rounded edges and understated proportions, the traditional inkwell transformed into a cable management hole, and a deeply machined groove for pens and accessories – this desk is a domesticated all situation work station for laptops, for makeup, for sketching or for fiddling around on Instagram. Also available in Fumed Oak. The collection includes a Dining Table, Table, Dining Chair and Bar Stool.

Silent Vase

muuto > Styling

A form in mouth blown glass, the Silent Vase is Scandinavian design at its subtlest. Available in three sizes and multiple colors, the Silent Vase is a humble yet decorative addition to any space.

Avail Coat Rack

muuto > Styling

Designed with Scandinavian materiality at its heart, the Avail Coat Rack brings the ideas of simplicity and functionality into the modern home. The design features 2 metal hooks that can be rearranged forever while also bringing hints of color to the form, allowing for the Avail Coat Rack to evolve as time passes while holding smaller objects on its minute plateau.

Story Pinboard

muuto > Styling

The Story Pinboard brings subtle feelings of Scandinavian design into any work or creative context, whether in the home office, in a kids room or within the workplace. Produced in cork, a material that is sourced from the renewable bark of cork oak trees, the Story Pinboard is recyclable in its entirety.

Dots Ceramic

muuto > Styling

The Dots Ceramic bring an artful expression to a Muuto icon, made in earthenware with a reactive glaze for a unique look, giving each single piece a distinct look while referencing the ideas of traditional craftsmanship. Combine the design across various colors and sizes along with the Dots Wood and Dots Metal for a unique expression.

Jellies coat hangers (2 pieces)

kartell > Styling

The Jellies coat hangers draw their inspiration from the tableware collection of the same name designed by Patricia Urquiola for Kartell. This accessory is available in three different sizes, each with its own specific texture.

Shanghai

kartell > Styling

A multi-faceted vase widening from the base to the top in a swirling motion. Shanghai is like refracted light radiating from prism-like crystals with an alternating play of flashes and shadows, creating irregular geometric forms.

Matelasse'

kartell > Styling

The distinctive feature and special allure of these original vases lie in their particular conformation, suggestive of a wafed fabric with irregular sinuosities caused by the different surface thicknesses.

Jelly

kartell > Styling

The special feature of this series lies in the conformation of the surface material which enhances the core that looks like jelly, just as the name suggests, evocative of the forms used in pastry-making.

All saints

kartell > Styling

Round mirror with a transparent or coloured frame, with a unique pleated effect.